好学英文网导读：这一讲我们一起来看一下语法在四级英语中的考查特点和应对策略。 英语是一个重结构的语言，要求句子必须符合句法结构的要求。用来规定句法结构的一些原则也就是我们常说的语法

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这一讲我们一起来看一下语法在四级英语中的考查特点和应对策略。

英语是一个重结构的语言，要求句子必须符合句法结构的要求。用来规定句法结构的一些原则也就是我们常说的语法。英语中的语法条文比较多，总的来说可分为两大类，即词法和句法。具体说来，有情态动词的用法，形容词和副词的比较级用法，非谓语动词的用法，时态和语态，定语从句，状语从句，虚拟语气，名词性从句，倒装，强调与并列，主谓一致等。经过统计，95年1月到2000年6月，仅词汇和句法部分对语法的考查就有190题，占52.8%，其中以非谓语动词、虚拟语气、时态/语态、状语从句和定语从句考查最多。今天这一讲我们重点讲时态/语态、虚拟语气和各种从句，下一讲重点讲非谓语动词等。

一、时态和语态

英语中共有16个时态，最常用的是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在和过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时。但从95年以来的考题统计来看，15个时态考题中将来完成最多，占3题，时态考查的次序依次为将来完成时--- 过去完成时 --- 现在完成进行时 --- 现在完成时 --- 一般将来 --- 一般过去。先看以下各题：

Test Yourself:

1) My train arrives in New York at eight o'clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there ___ by then.(1999.1)

A. would leave B. will have left C. has left D. had left

2) She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she ____ too long.(2000.1)

A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. read

3) "May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o'clock tonight?"(2000.6)

"I'm sorry. Mr. Williams ____ to a conference long before then."

A. will have gone B. had gone C. would have gone D. has gone

4) Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _____today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.(1997.1)

A. are to challenge B. may be challenged C. have been challenged D. are challenged

5) Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it ____ necessary for all planes to land for refueling. (1996.6)

A. would be B. has been C. had been D. would have been

6) He came back late, ____ which time all the guest had already left.(1999.6)

A. after B. by C. at D. during

7) Until then, his family ______from him for six months. (1997.1)

A. didn't hear B. hasn't been hearing C. hasn't heard D. hadn't heard

Explanation and Expansion

A：参考答案：1）B 2）A 3）A 4）C 5）C 6）B 7）D

B：评析：

1) 以上各题都与完成时有关，完成时态用来表示到某一个时间为止已经完成的动作或某个状态/动作一直持续到某个时间。如果时间为过去，则用过去完成时，即表示过去的过去，如5）和7）。

2) 如果表示到将来某个时间为止已经完成的动作，则用将来完成时，如1）和3），再如：

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